What is frostbite and how does it happen?

What is frostbite and how does it happen?
Frostbite is an unpleasant event, which usually occurs in the winter. Very cold air affects the exposed skin. Most often, fingers and toes, nose, ears, cheeks and chin suffer. Your body tries to stay warm and protect vital organs (heart, liver), and therefore draws blood from your limbs to the center. When this happens, the bodily tissues begin to freeze.
The first stage is called superficial frostbite, in which the affected parts of the body turn red and grow colder. If surface frostbite progresses, the skin becomes numb or tingling occurs. Because of the stiffening of the joints, the person becomes awkward.
The good news is that superficial frostbite does not necessarily damage the skin. If you notice its signs, go to the room, drink a warm drink and call the doctor if you feel pain, you will have a fever or blister on the skin.
However, if the surface frostbite goes to the next stage, the reddened skin will begin to turn pale or white. A patch of skin can become warm again, and this is an accurate sign that the case is serious. When your skin reheats or thaws, it becomes blue or purple, bubbles filled with liquid can form. You can experience complete numbness on the affected area – the feeling of pain and cold will disappear. In a day or two, bubbles will form, then the frost-bitten tissue will become pale, after it turns black and withers.
If you suspect a frostbite, urgently go to the medical institution. Do not soak the affected area in hot water; Your skin may lose sensitivity to pain and, if the water is too hot, you will burn yourself. Measure the temperature of the water – it should be no more than 40 degrees Celsius. If you can not wet the affected area, attach a wet rag.
The innermost layer of clothing should not retain moisture. The second should be warm, and the uppermost – to protect the body from wind and rain.
Protect your hands and feet. Wear warm socks – the feet are especially prone to frostbite. Wear woolen socks on cotton so that your feet are warm and dry. Instead of gloves, wear mittens, so your fingers touch each other and share heat. In order not to frostbite your hands while talking on the phone, use touch sensitive gloves, which you can click on the smartphone screen. Do not forget about the ears – wear a cap that covers your ears.
Limit time outdoors in cold weather. Give up alcohol – because of alcohol, the body loses heat faster, so enjoy strong drinks at home. Move: Exercises preserve the flow of blood, which ensures the warmth of your body.
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